瓶子由灌裝機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)盤帶動(dòng)繞主立軸旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行連續(xù)灌裝。
The bottle is driven by the rotating disc of the filling machine to
carry on the rotation of the main shaft and carry out continuous
filling.
此機(jī)主要由流體輸送（即供料系統(tǒng)）、容器輸送（即供瓶系統(tǒng)）、灌裝閥、大轉(zhuǎn)盤、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、機(jī)體、自控等部分所組成。
This machine is mainly composed of fluid delivery (feeding system),
container conveying (i.e. bottle feeding system), filling valve, large
turntable, transmission system, organism, automatic control and so on.
灌裝機(jī)的灌裝方法：
The filling method of the filling machine is:
1）常壓法
1) normal pressure method
常壓法也稱純重力法，即在常壓下，液料依靠自重流進(jìn)包裝容器內(nèi)。大部分能自由流動(dòng)的不含氣液料都可用此法灌裝，例如白酒、果酒、牛奶、醬油、醋等。
The normal pressure method is also called the pure gravity method, that
is, under the normal pressure, the liquid material flows into the
packing container depending on the self weight. Most of the free flow
free gas - liquid materials can be filled with this method, such as
liquor, fruit wine, milk, soy sauce, vinegar and so on.
（2）等壓法
(2) isobaric method
等壓法也稱壓力重力式灌裝法，即在高于大氣壓的條件下，首先對包裝容器充氣，使之形成與貯液箱內(nèi)相等的氣壓，然后再依靠被灌液料的自重流進(jìn)包裝容器內(nèi)。這種方法普遍用于含氣飲料，如啤酒、汽水、汽酒等的灌裝。采用此種方法灌裝，可以減少這類產(chǎn)品中所含CO2的損失，并能防止灌裝過程中過量起泡而影響產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和定量精度。
The isobaric method is also called the pressure gravity filling method,
that is, under the condition of higher air pressure, we first inflate
the packing container, make it equal to the air pressure in the storage
tank, and then rely on the gravity of the injected liquid to flow into
the packaging container. This method is widely used in beverages, such
as beer, soda water, sparkling wine filling etc.. Filling with this way
can reduce the loss of CO2 contained in such products and prevent
excessive foaming in filling process, which will affect product quality
and quantitative accuracy.
（3）真空法
(3) vacuum method
真空法是在低于大氣壓的條件下進(jìn)行灌裝的，可按兩種方式進(jìn)行：
The vacuum method is filled under the condition of lower atmospheric pressure, and can be carried out in two ways:
（a）壓差真空式
(a) pressure difference vacuum
即貯液箱內(nèi)處于常壓，只對包裝容器抽氣使之形成真空，液料依靠貯液箱與待灌容器間的壓差作用產(chǎn)生流動(dòng)而完成灌裝，國內(nèi)此種方法較常用。
That is to say, in the liquid storage box, it is at atmospheric
pressure, and only vacuum is drawn to the packing container to form
vacuum. The liquid material is filled by the pressure difference between
the liquid storage tank and the container to be irrigated, which is
more commonly used in China.
（b）重力真空式
(b) gravity vacuum
即貯液箱內(nèi)處于真空，包裝容器首先抽氣使之形成與貯液箱內(nèi)相等的真空，隨后液料依靠自重流進(jìn)包裝容器內(nèi)，因結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，國內(nèi)較少用。真空法灌裝應(yīng)用面較廣，它即適用于灌裝粘度稍大的液體物料，如油類、糖漿等。也適用于灌裝含維生素的液體物料，如蔬菜汁、果子汁等，瓶內(nèi)形成真空就意味著減少了液料與空氣的接觸，延長了產(chǎn)品的保質(zhì)期，真空法還適用于灌裝有毒的物料，如農(nóng)藥等，以減少毒性氣體的外溢，改善勞動(dòng)條件。
That is, the vacuum is in the liquid storage box, and the packing
container first draws air to form the same vacuum as the liquid storage
box, and then the liquid material flows into the packaging container by
gravity. Because of its complex structure, it is seldom used in China.
Vacuum filling is widely used in filling, which is suitable for filling
liquid material with a large viscosity, such as oil, syrup, etc. Apply
to filling liquid material containing the vitamin, such as vegetable
juice, fruit juice, bottle to form a vacuum means less liquid and air
contact, prolong the shelf life of the products, vacuum method is also
applicable to the filling of toxic materials, such as pesticides, to
reduce the spillover of toxic gases, improve labor condition.
（4）壓力法
(4) pressure method
利用機(jī)械壓力或氣壓，將被灌物料擠入包裝容器內(nèi)，這種方法主要用于灌裝粘度較大的稠性物料，例如灌裝番茄醬、肉糜、牙膏、香脂等。有時(shí)也可用于汽水一類軟飲料的灌裝，這時(shí)靠汽水本身的氣壓直接灌入未經(jīng)充氣等壓的瓶內(nèi)，從而提高了灌裝速度，形成的泡沫因汽水中無膠體尚易消失，對灌裝質(zhì)量有一定影響。
The use of mechanical pressure or pressure, will be poured into the
material in the container, this method is mainly used for filling of
high viscosity material consistency, such as meat, tomato paste,
toothpaste balsam. Sometimes it can also be used for filling a soft
drink of soft drinks. It is directly injected into the uninflated and
isobaric bottle by the pressure of the steam water, thus increasing the
filling speed. The foam formed is still easy to disappear because of no
colloid in the steam water, which has a certain effect on the filling
quality.
本論文灌裝機(jī)灌裝方法的確定：
In this paper, the filling method of filling machine is determined.
對于一般的食用液料如瓶裝牛奶、瓶裝酒類、碳酸飲料等，可采用等壓灌裝法，真空灌裝法等，但考慮到成本，等壓灌裝法可以有效的減少CO2的損耗，保持含氣飲料的質(zhì)量，并能防止灌裝中過量泛泡，保證灌裝計(jì)量準(zhǔn)確。所以本論文采用等壓灌裝法。
For general edible liquid materials such as bottled milk, bottled
drinks, carbonated drinks, the isobaric filling method, vacuum filling
method, but taking into account the cost of pressure filling method can
effectively reduce CO2 loss, maintain the quality of beverages
containing gas, and to prevent the excessive pan bubble filling, filling
the measurement accuracy guarantee. So this paper adopts the equal
pressure filling method.
瓶子在灌裝機(jī)中依次完成：1、進(jìn)氣，2、進(jìn)液回氣；3、停止進(jìn)液；4、排除余液等4個(gè)步驟。同時(shí)生產(chǎn)線上的各種檢測狀態(tài)傳感器全部接入到PLC中，由PLC根據(jù)傳感器的檢測狀態(tài)通過編制好的程序控制整個(gè)系統(tǒng)工作。
The bottle is completed in order in the filling machine: 1, air intake,
2, feed back to the gas; 3, stop the liquid; 4, remove the remaining
liquid and other 4 steps. At the same time, all kinds of detection
status sensors on the production line are all connected to PLC. The
whole system is controlled by PLC according to the detection state of
sensors.
灌裝閥組件由液體閥、注氣管、氣閥、定心罩、排氣閥等組成
The filling valve components are composed of a liquid valve, a gas injection, a valve, a centering cover, a exhaust valve, etc.
PLC采集信號：
PLC acquisition signal:
1. 灌裝機(jī)瓶子托盤壓力
Bottle tray pressure of 1. filling machine
2. 定心罩壓力
2. centering pressure
3. 氣閥氣壓
3. valve pressure
4. 次品撿出器壓力
4. secondary collector pressure
5. 最高液壓力
5. maximum liquid pressure
6. 最低液壓力
6. minimum liquid pressure
PLC輸出信號：
PLC output signal:
1. 傳送帶
1. conveyor belt
2. 瓶子托盤
2. bottle tray
3. 氣閥
3. valve
4. 灌裝閥
4. filling valve
5. 次品指示燈
5. secondary indicator light
6. 次品傳送帶
6. secondary conveyor belt
7. 次品撿出器
7. secondary collector
8. 進(jìn)料閥
8. feed valve
9. 回氣管
9. trachea
10. 壓蓋機(jī)
10. capping machine
11. 包裝機(jī)
11. packing machine
正常工作流程
Normal workflow
按下啟動(dòng)按鈕，傳遞輪子和灌裝機(jī)啟動(dòng)。再按下傳送帶啟動(dòng)按鈕，灌裝機(jī)的進(jìn)瓶傳送帶啟動(dòng)。瓶子進(jìn)入傳送帶以后，通過傳遞輪子將瓶子等間距送入瓶子托盤升降機(jī)構(gòu)。當(dāng)托盤檢測到壓力以后，托盤活塞給托盤升降機(jī)構(gòu)一個(gè)壓力，托盤開始帶著瓶子上升。在托盤上升的時(shí)間內(nèi)，最大上升時(shí)間為6S，如果注液口定心中罩檢測到壓力，則托盤停止上升，然后氣閥打開，開始對瓶子充CO2。最大充氣時(shí)間為6S。當(dāng)氣閥檢測到氣壓，則停止充CO2，液閥開啟，開始灌裝。灌裝時(shí)間為6S。灌裝完畢以后，托盤開始下降，下降過程中同時(shí)關(guān)閉液閥，回氣管工作，開啟排氣和除余液操作。下降完畢的瓶子再轉(zhuǎn)過一定的角度由傳遞輪子送出，同時(shí)瓶子托盤向前繼續(xù)行進(jìn)進(jìn)入下一個(gè)循環(huán)。
Press the start button to transfer the wheel and the filling machine to
start. Press the belt start button again, and the filling machine's
bottle conveyor belt is started. After the bottle enters the conveyor
belt, the bottles are sent to the bottle lift mechanism by passing the
wheels. When the pressure was detected in the tray, the tray piston gave
a pressure to the tray lifter, and the tray began to rise with the
bottle. During the time of pallet rising, the maximum rise time is 6S.
If the pressure is detected in the nozzle, the tray will stop rising.
Then the air valve opens and starts to charge CO2 to the bottle. The
maximum inflated time is 6S. When air pressure is detected in the valve,
the CO2 is stopped, the liquid valve opens, and the filling begins. The
filling time is 6S. After the filling is finished, the tray begins to
fall, and the liquid valve is closed at the same time, and the pipe is
returned to the pipe to open the exhaust and remove the residual fluid.
The dropped bottle turns to a certain angle and is sent out by the
transfer wheel, while the bottle tray continues to move forward into the
next cycle.
當(dāng)檢測到次品時(shí)：
When the defective product is detected:
1.當(dāng)次品為爆瓶時(shí)
1. when the defective product is a flask
接正常灌裝流程,當(dāng)最大托盤時(shí)間上升6S到時(shí)，注液口定心中罩沒檢測到壓力（瓶子為爆瓶，高度不足），則托盤開始下降，同時(shí)次品提示燈亮，托盤下降的時(shí)間6S。下降完畢托盤等待進(jìn)入下一次循環(huán)。同時(shí)次品檢出器啟動(dòng)。
After the normal filling process, when the maximum tray time increased
by 6S, the pressure of the inner lid of the injection port was not
detected. The tray began to decline, while the inferior indicator lights
were bright, and the time of pallet dropping was 6S. Down the end of
the tray waiting to enter the next cycle. At the same time, the
secondary detectable device is started.
2. 次品為破瓶時(shí)：
The 2. product is when the bottle is broken:
接正常灌裝流程，當(dāng)最大充氣時(shí)間6S到時(shí)，氣閥沒有檢測到氣壓（破瓶，CO2充不滿），則停止充CO2，同時(shí)瓶子托盤開始下降，次品提示燈亮，托盤下降時(shí)間為6S，下降完畢托盤等待進(jìn)入下一次循環(huán)，
The normal filling process, when the maximum charging time 6S when the
valve is not detected pressure (broken bottle, CO2 filling), then stop
the charge CO2, at the same time the bottle tray began to decline,
defective light, the tray down time is 6S, decreased after waiting to
enter the next pallet circulation,
